S100B and Stroke: Many molecular biomarkers that have been implicated in the neurovascular injury cascade after stroke have been studied in recent years with regard to their ability to predict the type of stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic), including inflammatory mediators such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, ficolin-3 and the brain damage markers S100B and proenkephalin neuropeptide 17.