Lane and Ley (8) demonstrated that importing the fusion protein, PML-RARα, into early myeloid cells that express high levels of NE resulted in a marked increase in the risk of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL); therefore, NE expression may aid in determining susceptibility of hematopoietic cells to APL (9). The gene discussed is ELANE; the disease is acute promyelocytic leukemia.