NPPB and aortic valve stenosis: Among them, Sainger et al. [8] provided promising biomarkers in the multistage process of CAD by showing associations of plasma levels of osteopontin, parathyroid hormone, and fetuin-A (also known as α-2-HS-glycoprotein) with the early stage of CAD and associations of plasma levels of N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) with aortic valve stenosis.