Serum IL-9 levels were significantly higher in RA patients (4,77 ± 3,618 pg/mL) and in SLE patients (12,26 ± 25,235 pg/mL) than in healthy individuals (1,22 ± 0,706 pg/mL) (p < 0,001) (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene IL9 and systemic lupus erythematosus.