The genes located in these chromosomal fragments included CSMD1, CDH13, NRG1, PCM1, DLC-1, CMIP, and WWOX et al. Because previous studies of LOH have reported that allelic loss of 4q, 8p and 16q are the most frequent chromosomal alteration in a variety of human cancers, including HCC. Here, CSMD1 is linked to cancer.