CDH1 and lung cancer: To validate the clinical relevance of E-cadherin and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to human cancer and its contribution to promoting the CSC phenotype during lung tumorigenesis, we analyzed the expression profiles of E-cadherin, β-catenin and CD133 by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and scoring;34, 35 consecutive slides were examined from 39 primary (stage IA, IB, IIA, IIB, III and IV) and 10 metastatic human lung cancer specimens.