In a T2DM animal model, the ZDF rat, vildagliptin treatment did not affect glucose levels or proteinuria, but it significantly decreased glomerulosclerosis and restores myogenic constriction of intrarenal arteries, suggesting that this DPP-4 inhibitor protects diabetic rats from loss of renal vascular reactivity and attenuates renal sclerosis independent of effects on blood glucose or proteinuria in T2DM [272]. Here, DPP4 is linked to nephrosclerosis.