CXCL12 and diabetes mellitus: However, since DPP-4 activity determines the systemic and local concentrations of SDF-1α and the mobilization to the injured sites of stem cells involved in endothelial repair and angiogenesis, further studies are needed to clarify whether DPP-4 inhibition is able to reverse bone marrow dysfunction induced by diabetes and improve microvascular health in the ischemic tissue [109].