Saxagliptin is approved as a combination therapy with metformin, sulfonylurea, thiazolidinedione, or insulin (with or without metformin) to improve glycaemic control in adult patients with T2DM who do not achieve adequate glycaemia control with metformin, sulfonylurea, thiazolidinedione, or insulin in addition to diet and exercise, including patients with mild-to-severe renal impairment. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.