If these potential extrapancreatic effects observed in experimental studies can be confirmed and reinforced in humans, then DPP-4 inhibitors could become a preferred treatment for T2DM due to their ability to modify the natural history of disease by preventing its evolution to more serious stages, as well as due to the protection afforded against evolution of diabetes organ-target complications, thus preventing cardiovascular events, ESRD, and progressive loss of vision. Here, DPP4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.