PALB2 and breast carcinoma: Recently, Casadei and colleagues sequenced the coding sequences and flanking regulatory regions of PALB2 from constitutional genomic DNA of 1,144 familial breast cancer BRCA1/BRCA2-negative patients. PALB2 heterozygotes were four times more likely to have a male relative with breast cancer (P = 0.0003), six times more likely to have a relative with pancreatic cancer (P = 0.002), and 1.3-fold more likely to have a relative with ovarian cancer (P = 0.18) [10].