TNF and anthrax infection: Thus, cutaneous anthrax induces a broad T cell memory response characterized not only by the presence of Th1 cytokines IFNγ and TNFα, but also Th2 (IL-5 and IL-13), Th17 (IL-17/IL-22), Th22 (IL-22) and Th9 (IL-9) cytokines and a potentially regulatory IL-10 response.