Our findings revealed that the TLR4–NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of ALI after liver transplantation, as evidenced by increased levels of TLR4 and phospho-NF-κB p65 subunit protein as well as proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in the injured lung. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.