In addition, these cell lines have been used to analyse interactions between ranavirus and the host, the expression profiles and antiviral activity of amphibian immune genes as we have reported before, which confirms that the infection of GSTC cells with ADRV could induce up-regulations of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) isoforms, IFN-inducible protein 6 (IFI6) and T cell receptor beta chain (TCRβ) [29,30]. Here, IFI6 is linked to infection.