The immunophenotypic expression pattern of RPH3AL in breast cancer tissues, determined by IHC, was consistent with mRNA expression levels of RPH3AL. The malignant cells of lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive carcinoma exhibited lower expression of RPH3AL protein relative to normal cells in benign ducts and stroma (Fig 1B). Here, RPH3AL is linked to breast carcinoma.