PRKAA2 and Interstitial cardiac fibrosis: Among sedentary AMPKα2-/- mice, ISO treatment increased cardiac interstitial fibrosis significantly (22.6%±2.21% vs. 0.6%±0.07%, P < 0.001, Fig 3A and 3B), and AMPKα2-/- mice showed more cardiac interstitial fibrosis in response to ISO than AMPKα2+/+ mice (22.6%±2.21% vs. 16.3%±1.48%, P < 0.01, Figures A and B in S2 Fig).