IGFBP5 and gestational diabetes: While this difference also coincided with a significant difference in BMI among the groups, the lack of correlation between IGFBP5 expression and BMI in the individuals used for Affymetrix gene chip analysis (Fig. 3b), and between IGFBP5 expression and the BMI of non-pregnant individuals and those with GDM (r2 = 0.28, p = 0.278), suggests that the observed differences in IGFBP5 expression between individuals with NGT and GDM is independent of BMI.