INS and diabetes mellitus: Kawano et al. [24], Yokoyama et al. [34], Makino et al. [35], and Suetsugu et al. [36] showed the associations between the value of the FMD and the subject's age, duration of diabetes mellitus, BMI, blood pressure, insulin resistance, GFR stage, or albuminuria stage in the Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on investigations without a control group.