A systematic review [11] of 12 genomic studies that examined the host response of circulating leukocytes to human sepsis showed that there was an immediate activation of pathogen recognition receptors, such as TLRs and CD14, accompanied by an increase in the activities of signal transduction cascades (included NF-κB, MAPK, JAK and STAT pathways), a process essential for subsequent transcription of immune response genes. The gene discussed is CD14; the disease is Sepsis.