In particular, ER stress within normal and disease contexts (e.g., drug exposure, genetic loss of ER transmembrane protein, diabetic retinopathy) resulted in increased ATF6 expression in Müller glial and retinal ganglion cells (Yoshikawa et al. 2011; Wu et al. 2012; Miyagi et al. 2013; Ha et al. 2014; Zode et al. 2014). This evidence concerns the gene ATF6 and diabetic retinopathy.