As shown in Fig. 2, Dppa4 was prominently localized in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells and was prominently upregulated in 42.9 % (69 of 185) of primary cancer specimens and 58.7 % (37 of 63) of LNM, whereas the adjacent normal tissue was only 16.2 % (30 of 185), especially in cases with LNM. The gene discussed is DPPA4; the disease is cancer.