HMGB1 and disease recurrence: Furthermore, among GCA patients mean serum HMGB1 levels at onset were not higher in patients with or without PMR [1.25 (0.21–10.50) ng/ml vs. 5.42 (2.94–8.92) ng/ml; p = 0.167], cranial ischemic manifestations (5.56 ± 3.31 ng/ml vs. 5.89 ± 4.95 ng/ml; p = 0.873), constitutional symptoms (4.92 ± 3.90 ng/ml vs. 6.40 ± 4.50 ng/ml; p = 0.474) or relapsing disease (4.75 ± 3.31 ng/ml vs. 6.02 ± 4.47 ng/ml; p = 0.608), respectively.