BRAF and melanoma: Constitutive activation of MAPK [Mitogen-activated protein kinase] due to the gain-of-function mutation of its up-stream regulator BRAF(serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf)12 and survival signals activated due to the over-expression of oncogenic transcriptional factors such as MITF-M [Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor], β-catenin and Brn-2 (POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 2)11, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, are crucial factors known to play significant role in melanoma progression.