INS and Insulin resistance: Although these dwarf mice exhibit diminished visceral fat depots, their subcutaneous depots are larger and may be related to their improved metabolic activity [11, 21] in that while visceral fat is associated with insulin resistance, higher risk of type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, and mortality [22–24], subcutaneous fat is associated with improved insulin sensitivity, a lower risk of developing type II diabetes and as indicated by these long lived models, an extended lifespan [24–26].