VCAM1 and stiff-person syndrome: New insight into benzodiazepine therapy in SPS is provided by immunomodulatory properties of PBR on the outer mitochondrial membrane that suppresses Tumor necrosis factor-induced Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 expression on endothelium14 and prevents Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced L-selectin, Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 on the neutrophil cell surface.15 Contrary to peripheral immunosuppressive action in microglia, PBR is expressed from the earliest stages of activation and appears to exert proinflammatory function.16