In the tumour sphere model, on ITE treatment, the reduction of oncogenic factors (such as Akt-pS473 and Oct4-pT235) and the increase in tumour-suppressive factors (such as E-cadherin; Fig. 3c) indicated that ITE may specifically reduce the oncogenic pool of AhR while maintaining and activating the tumour-suppressive pool of AhR, which transcriptionally repressed Oct4. Here, CDH1 is linked to neoplasm.