After adjusting for a large number of covariates (Kt/V, race, gender, diabetes, comorbidity score, duration of dialysis dependency, vascular access, transplantation status, smoking, BMI, albumin, urine output (as more or less than a cup per day) and study center, reuse with PAA was not associated with higher β2M concentration (difference of -0.28 ± 1.65, p = 0.87). The gene discussed is B2M; the disease is diabetes mellitus.