Previous studies have demonstrated increased expression of TLR2 in synovial cells and tissue, [4, 5] and shown that TLR2 blockade significantly inhibited spontaneous secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from RA synovial explant cultures, an effect similar to that of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors [22]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and rheumatoid arthritis.