For example, in a cohort of CKD patients, pNGAL levels were much more correlated with eGFR (R2 = -0.53, p < 10–5) than urinary NGAL levels (R2 = 0.14, p < 10–5).[11] Urinary NGAL concentration reflects the sum total of decreased reabsorption of filtered NGAL and local NGAL synthesis in the thick ascending limb of Henle and collecting ducts. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and chronic kidney disease.