PDIA2 and diabetes mellitus: Recent studies provide compelling evidence for a role for PDI in both the physiology and pathophysiology of disease states including diabetes (Grek and Townsend, 2014), cardiovascular diseases (Khan and Mutus, 2014), cancer (Xu et al., 2014), neurodegenerative conditions (Andreu et al., 2012) and the entry of pathogens in infectious diseases (Benham, 2012).