GALNT9 and breast neoplasm: Our findings of GALNT9 promoter methylation, and associated loss of expression, in BBM, but not in primary breast tumours suggest that this change in transmembrane protein function may be a common occurrence in the later stages of breast tumour brain metastasis, and perhaps relates to cell-cell interaction that the tumour cells must undergo before acquiring a suitable niche to proliferate within the novel microenvironment of the brain.