However, conserved mutations have been identified in approximately 2 % of microsatellite instable colorectal cancers [57] and GALNT9 is also mutated, infrequently (<1 %), in astrocytoma [58] and lung tumours [59, 60] and infrequently lost through CNV in breast tumours [12, 60]. The gene discussed is GALNT9; the disease is astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).