NLRP3 and staphylococcal pneumonia: It has been reported that bacterial hemolysins, for example, listeriolysin O of Listeria monocytogenes (Meixenberger et al., 2010), hemolytic cytolysin pneumolysin of Staphylococcus pneumonia (Witzenrath et al., 2011) and hemolysin of S. aureus (Kebaier et al., 2012), can induce the release of IL-1β through activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.