ARX and infantile spasms: ARX mutations in patients with XLAG are null mutations or non-conservative missense mutations at critical amino acids in the homeodomain, while other missense mutations or expansion mutations in the polyalanine tract result in X-linked intellectual disability with or without dystonia, West syndrome, Ohtahara syndrome, or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression burst on EEG but with no brain malformation (Bienvenu et al., 2002; Stromme et al., 2002; Guerrini et al., 2007; Kato et al., 2007, 2010).