INS and diabetes mellitus: The links between plasma 3-hydroxyisobutyrate to plasma metabolites of 2-hydroxybutyrate and α-ketobutyrate in the glycolysis–BCAA subnet, in which a set of diabetes predictors are connected (BCAAs, tyrosine, phenylalanine [35] and 2-hydroxybutyrate [33]), and the link between urinary 3-hydroxyisobutyrate to urinary 2-hydroxybutyrate in the urinary ketone body subnet may indicate of a pivotal role for 3-hydroxyisobutyrate in insulin sensitivity and complications associated with diabetes.