Dexamethasone and clarithromycin could comparably down-regulate the mRNA expression of CD86 (Fig. 7b) and OX40 ligand (OX40L) (Fig. 7d) in sinonasal mucosa from CRSsNP and eosinophilic CRSwNP patients, whereas no statistically significant effect was observed for sinonasal mucosa from non-eosinophilic CRSwNP patients. The gene discussed is CD86; the disease is chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps.