We found that dexamethasone and clarithromycin could similarly up-regulate the mRNA expression of CC10 (Fig. 4a), whereas down-regulate the mRNA expression of IL-25 (Fig. 4b), IL-33 (Fig. 4c), osteopontin (Fig. 4d) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) (Fig. 4e), in sinonasal mucosa from CRSsNP, and eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP patients. Here, SPP1 is linked to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.