The protein production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Fig. 10a) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-basic) (Fig. 10b), and the mRNA production of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (Fig. 10d) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) (Fig. 10e) from sinonasal mucosa from all CRS groups could be down-regulated by dexamethasone and clarithromycin in similar extent. Here, VEGFA is linked to congenital rubella syndrome.