AIF1 and glioma: Human TAMs have been previously observed as CD11b- and CD45-positive,24 and it has been reported that CD11b-positive microglia can upregulate CD45 expression in tumor-bearing mice.25 Furthermore, Iba-1-positive microglia have been detected to be enriched in the presence of glioma-conditioned medium26 as well as in tumor-implanted animals.27 Culturing TAMs appeared to change the expressions of some of the microglial markers such as CD45 and CD68 compared to human control microglia, suggesting that the TAMs in culture might still retain some of its phenotypic profile as freshly isolated TAMs.