INSL3 and cryptorchidism: In utero exposure of rats to di(n-butyl) phthalate, a compound with antiandrogenic properties, caused reduced INSL3 expression in fetal Leydig cells and an increase in cryptorchidism, and INSL3 has been suggested as an endogenous marker of endocrine disruption (Anand-Ivell and Ivell 2014).