Mutations of the encoding genes of all these proteins, in particular of the Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) human gene, as well as of many other genes (50 in total), are individually known to be directly involved in different grades and manifestations of Cystic fibrosis, which arises from misfolding and premature degradation of mutated CFTR forms. This evidence concerns the gene CFTR and cystic fibrosis.