MAPKAPK2 and Werner syndrome: Although progress in the clinical development of successful p38 inhibitors for in vivo use is currently a considerable challenge [27], probably frustrated by toxicity issues, it may be possible to elicit a similar biological response by targeting the downstream kinase MAPKAPK2 (MK2) [16,28], which may itself be involved in the phenotypic characteristics seen in WS, including enlarged cellular morphology and prominent F-actin stress fibres [12].