The recent finding that intracellular renin and angiotensin II disrupts cell communication in the heart, and is involved in cell volume regulation (25–27), indicates that the presence of RAAS components inside the cardiac cell (intracrine effect) has an important functional significance (22), particularly during pathological conditions like cardiac failure, when the heart tends to return to embryological conditions and organogenesis is possible (28). Here, REN is linked to heart failure.