MAP3K5 and Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress accelerates cell senescence and activates apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) (Yokoi et al., 2006), which is a member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase group associated with apoptosis signaling (Ichijo et al., 1997; Tobiume et al., 2001).