The observations that GAD67 protein and/or mRNA levels increase subsequent to sensory learning (Gierdalski et al., 2001), hippocampal kindling (Ramírez and Gutiérrez, 2001), voluntary exercise (Hill et al., 2010), ischemia (Li et al., 2010), and benzodiazepine discontinuation (Izzo et al., 2001) indicate that GABA levels in the brain are dynamically regulated in response to a wide range of stimuli. The gene discussed is GAD1; the disease is ischemia.