Supporting our data, a recent study using proteomics and bioinformatics tools reported activation of stress responses in gastrocnemius muscle of ALS-Tg mice at 98d including Alpha-crystallin B chain (Cryab), Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta (Hsp90ab1) and protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (Pdia3) that suggest abnormalities in the ER protein folding machinery and activation of the UPR (Capitanio et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene PDIA3 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.