One interesting molecule that could be employed both as a biomarker and a pharmacological target is heparanase-1 (HPSE) an enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of several nephropathies [7] that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) and thus takes part in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) [8], a complex structure that acts as a scaffold for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation, and modulates cell signaling [9]. The gene discussed is HPSE; the disease is kidney disorder.