Interestingly, the rs10903035 IL-28RA SNP has been associated with insulin resistance in HIV/HCV co-infected patients.95 Another, rs4649203 has been linked to a risk of psoriasis in four independent populations,96 and to a risk to develop systemic lupus erythematosus.97 Although the IFNL3 SNPs have not been associated with treatment response of IFN-β in multiple sclerosis,98 the IL-28RA SNP itself was associated with an increased risk for multiple sclerosis.99,100 These observations suggest important influences on adaptive immune cells, which are tightly connected to autoimmune disease. Here, IFNB1 is linked to multiple sclerosis.