These include 292 genes upregulated by IGSF8 knockdown, while downregulated by R881 including pro-oncogenic genes (VAV3 [44–47], REG4 [48, 49], SYP2 [50], ZNF706 [51, 52], SHC4 [53]) and biomarkers of PCa progression (PLA2G2A [54], CLU [55]). Here, VAV3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.