Numerous animal studies have reported that adiponectin has anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, antihypertensive, and anti-diabetic/insulin-sensitizing properties [3–7,27,28], and because overweight and obese persons have lower circulating adiponectin concentrations compared with normal weight persons [3–7], it has been proposed that a low amount of adiponectin may play a significant role in overweight- and obesity-related CVD [3–7]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.