LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: This prospective population-based study is particularly well-suited to investigate the actual impact of adipocytokines on CVD risk, because the Inter99 study, in addition to the traditional CVD risk factors, includes several important potential confounders and mediators of overweight- and obesity-related CVD diseases, such as serum insulin, estimates of insulin resistance, a stable measurement of long-term glucose control (HgA1c), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (both adiponectin and leptin are partially biodegraded and/or eliminated by the kidney) [10–14]..