Informed donors included three individuals with different heterozygous mutations in FUS, R514S (ALS I–FUSR514S/wt; age 49; female), R521C (ALS II–FUSR521C/wt; age 39; male) (Chiò et al., 2011) and P525L (ALS IV–FUSP525L/wt; age 20; female), and one individual with a homozygous A382T mutation in the TDP-43 gene (ALS III–FUSA382T/A382T; age 50; male) (Borghero et al., 2011). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.