Finally, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may result from mutations in the genes for TDP43 (Sreedharan et al., 2008), FUS (Kwiatkowski et al., 2009; Vance et al., 2009), C9ORF72 (DeJesus-Hernandez et al., 2011; Renton et al., 2011) and, classically, SOD1 (Rosen et al., 1993). Here, C9orf72 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.