CX3CR1 and atherosclerosis: Indeed, Cx3cr1 has been found to promote atherosclerosis lesion by regulating macrophage accumulation (Lesnik et al., 2003; Poupel et al., 2013), and blockade of Cx3cr1 attenuates renal pro-inflammatory responses and fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion insult (Furuichi et al., 2006).