PINX1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Taken together, based on these findings and combined with the fact that metastasis is the major cause of ccRCC patient death, we can conclude that loss of PinX1 expression was significantly correlated with ccRCC progression and was an independent prognostic factor of worse outcome in ccRCC patients and restoration of PinX1 may be a novel strategy for aggressive human ccRCC.