Several lines of evidence exist that SOX9 might also contribute to prostate cancer initiation and progression, including up-regulation during early stages of prostate neoplasia in mouse models [14], as well as in human prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) [10] and prostate cancers [10,11] [14–17]. The gene discussed is SOX9; the disease is prostate intraepithelial neoplasia.