TGFB1 and congenital rubella syndrome: In addition to detecting several important inflammatory and remodeling cytokines, such as IFNγ, IL-5, and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), the aim of the present study was to analyze the expression and spontaneous release of activin A and follistatin, as well as the interaction between activin A and TGF-β1 in CRS.